Navigating Hazardous Waste Reporting: A Guide by Convergence Consulting

The management of hazardous waste stands as a pivotal aspect of environmental health and safety (EHS) operations. It encompasses a wide array of practices aimed at the effective handling, treatment, and disposal of hazardous substances to mitigate their impact on both human health and the environment. Central to this endeavor is the adherence to stringent reporting deadlines set forth by regulatory bodies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). These deadlines are not arbitrary; they are carefully designed to ensure that hazardous waste is managed in a manner that upholds public safety and environmental integrity.

For EHS professionals, staying abreast of these deadlines is crucial. The reporting process provides a framework for accountability, enabling regulatory agencies to monitor and enforce compliance with environmental standards. Moreover, it serves as a mechanism for companies to demonstrate their commitment to sustainable practices and regulatory adherence. As we delve deeper into the importance of these reporting deadlines, it becomes clear that they are more than just dates on a calendar. They are a vital component of a broader strategy aimed at fostering a safer and more sustainable future.

Key Reporting Deadlines for 2024

Navigating the landscape of hazardous waste management requires a keen understanding of the reporting deadlines that punctuate the calendar year. These deadlines are not only central to maintaining compliance but also instrumental in shaping an organization's environmental strategy. For the year 2024, several key dates stand out, demanding attention from EHS professionals and organizations alike.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have set forth deadlines that cover a broad spectrum of reporting requirements. A notable deadline is March 1st, which marks the submission date for the Hazardous Waste Biennial Reports for Large Quantity Generators. This report, a cornerstone of hazardous waste regulatory compliance, requires detailed accounting of the generation, management, and disposal of hazardous waste over the biennial period.

Similarly, other critical EPA reporting deadlines include the EPCRA SARA Tier II reports, also due on March 1st, which involve the submission of information on hazardous chemicals stored on-site. The importance of these reports cannot be overstated, as they play a vital role in community right-to-know initiatives and emergency planning efforts.

State-specific deadlines also play a crucial role in the compliance landscape. For instance, in North Carolina, facilities operating as Large Quantity Generators or hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities must submit their Biennial Report by March 1st of every even-numbered year, covering data from the previous odd-numbered year. This state-specific mandate underscores the necessity for organizations to not only adhere to federal deadlines but also remain vigilant of requirements unique to their operating jurisdictions.

Moreover, the calendar year is dotted with other significant reporting milestones, such as the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Report due by March 31st and the Toxic Release Inventory (Form R) due by July 1st. These reports are integral to environmental transparency and regulatory compliance, offering insights into an organization's environmental footprint and adherence to pollution control standards.

As we navigate through 2024, the array of deadlines highlights the dynamic nature of environmental compliance. It is imperative for organizations to mark these dates on their calendars, ensuring that the requisite data collection, analysis, and reporting processes are initiated well in advance. The meticulous observance of these deadlines not only affirms an organization's commitment to environmental stewardship but also safeguards against the repercussions of non-compliance.

Impact of Missing Deadlines

The timely submission of hazardous waste reports is more than a regulatory obligation; it is a critical component of an organization's environmental compliance and stewardship. Failing to meet the established deadlines can lead to a cascade of negative consequences, both legally and environmentally. Understanding these impacts is essential for any organization committed to maintaining a compliant and responsible operational stance.

Legal and Financial Repercussions

At the forefront of the consequences are the legal and financial penalties. Regulatory bodies such as the EPA and OSHA have the authority to impose significant fines on organizations that fail to meet reporting deadlines. These fines are not merely punitive; they are designed to emphasize the importance of compliance and deter laxity in environmental reporting. For instance, missing the March 1st deadline for the Biennial Hazardous Waste Report can result in fines that can escalate daily, accumulating to substantial amounts over time. Such financial burdens can strain an organization's resources and detract from its operational goals.

Reputational Damage

Beyond the immediate legal and financial penalties, there exists the intangible yet profound impact on an organization's reputation. In an era where environmental responsibility is increasingly valued, non-compliance can tarnish an organization's public image. Stakeholders, including customers, investors, and the community at large, may perceive the organization as negligent or indifferent towards environmental protection. This perception can lead to diminished trust, loss of business, and challenges in securing future projects or partnerships.

Operational Disruptions

Non-compliance can also result in operational disruptions. Regulatory agencies may mandate corrective actions or impose restrictions on an organization's operations until compliance is restored. Such measures can lead to delays, increased costs, and lost productivity. For facilities that rely on timely permit renewals or approvals, non-compliance with reporting requirements can halt or severely impede their operations.

Environmental Impact

Perhaps the most critical consequence of missed reporting deadlines is the potential harm to the environment. The reporting process is a key tool in the monitoring and management of hazardous waste, enabling regulatory bodies to assess and mitigate risks to the environment and public health. Non-compliance can obscure the true extent of hazardous waste generation and management, undermining efforts to protect ecosystems and communities from pollution and hazardous exposures.

The implications of missing hazardous waste reporting deadlines extend far beyond mere administrative oversights. They underscore the necessity for diligent compliance practices, emphasizing the integral role of timely reporting in safeguarding the environment, upholding legal obligations, and maintaining organizational integrity.

Preparing for Reporting

Successfully navigating the complexities of hazardous waste reporting requires meticulous preparation and a proactive approach. Organizations can significantly reduce the risk of missing crucial deadlines by adopting strategic practices that streamline the reporting process. Here are key strategies for effective preparation:

Comprehensive Record-Keeping

The foundation of accurate reporting lies in diligent record-keeping throughout the year. Organizations should maintain detailed records of all hazardous waste generated, stored, treated, and disposed of. This includes quantities, types of waste, disposal methods, and any transportation activities. By keeping these records organized and readily accessible, companies can simplify the process of compiling their reports, ensuring that all necessary information is at their fingertips when needed.

Understanding Reporting Requirements

Each reporting requirement comes with its own set of criteria and deadlines. It is imperative for organizations to thoroughly understand these requirements well in advance. This understanding should encompass not only federal regulations but also any state-specific mandates that apply to their operations. For instance, the Hazardous Waste Biennial Report and the EPCRA SARA Tier II reports have distinct data and formatting requirements that must be adhered to. Familiarizing oneself with these nuances can prevent oversights and ensure comprehensive compliance.

Utilizing Technology

Leveraging technology can greatly facilitate the reporting process. Many regulatory agencies now offer electronic reporting systems, such as the EPA's RCRAInfo for the Biennial Report, which streamline submissions and reduce the likelihood of errors. Additionally, environmental management software can assist in tracking hazardous waste data, generating reports, and even reminding organizations of upcoming deadlines. Investing in such technologies not only aids in compliance but also enhances overall efficiency.

Training and Awareness

Ensuring that staff are well-informed and trained on the significance of hazardous waste reporting and the specific procedures for your organization is crucial. Regular training sessions can keep everyone up-to-date on the latest regulatory changes and reporting techniques. Moreover, fostering a culture of compliance and environmental responsibility can motivate staff to prioritize accuracy and timeliness in their reporting duties.

Conclusion

The intricate web of hazardous waste reporting deadlines underscores the critical role of environmental compliance in today's business landscape. As we have explored, these deadlines are not mere formalities but fundamental components of a robust environmental management system. They serve to ensure that hazardous waste is managed in a manner that protects human health and the environment, while also upholding the integrity and reputation of organizations.

For companies navigating the complexities of hazardous waste management, the key to success lies in preparation, diligence, and a commitment to environmental stewardship. By understanding the specific requirements of each reporting obligation, maintaining comprehensive records, leveraging technology, and fostering a culture of compliance, organizations can not only meet their regulatory responsibilities but also contribute to a sustainable future.

The journey towards environmental compliance is ongoing and requires continuous attention and adaptation. However, through proactive planning and strategic action, organizations can turn the challenge of reporting deadlines into an opportunity for demonstrating their dedication to environmental protection and sustainable business practices. In doing so, they not only safeguard their operations against the risks of non-compliance but also affirm their role as responsible stewards of our planet's resources.

Spring CORe Roundtable re H&S of Remote Workers - Save the Date Tuesday, April 9, 2024

Greetings Friends of CORe,

Please save the date Tuesday, April 9, 2024 at 8:30 PDT, 11:30 EDT, 16:30 BST for the convergence Spring 2024 CORe Roundtable. This will be a 75 minute working session focused on multinational companies’ varied health and safety (H&S) legal challenges and risks related to their remote (and flex or hybrid) workers. 

The roundtable discussion will be structured around topics and questions associated with remote worker H&S legal requirements. The questions will be presented as an informal benchmarking survey. A summary matrix of country H&S legislation will set the stage for the discussion.

If your company has expressed an interest to participate in the Roundtable, convergence will reach out to you in several weeks with the initial list of topics and survey questions. We look for you to add or edit the list to help shape the discussion and survey to address your company’s interests. The final agenda and materials will be sent before the meeting.

The Roundtable is free to our Premier CORe members, and $99 per individual.  More than one person from a company is welcome to attend.  Please let me know if you or others from your company are interested in attending.

Feel free to contact us at info@cc-global.com if you have any questions and to secure your spot today!

OSHA’s Expanded Injury, Illness Reporting Rule in Effect Now

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has introduced a pivotal update to its injury and illness reporting rule, now in effect as of January 1, 2024. This significant modification marks a crucial step forward for employers, particularly those operating in high-hazard industries. The revised rule expands the scope of data submission requirements, placing a strong emphasis on the electronic submission of detailed injury and illness records. This change signifies OSHA's ongoing commitment to enhancing workplace safety through increased transparency and accountability. Far from being merely procedural, this updated rule represents a strategic evolution in the methodology of collecting, analyzing, and utilizing workplace safety data. By compelling a more comprehensive and accessible reporting system, OSHA aims to fortify its efforts in preventing workplace accidents and health incidents. It is imperative for employers to grasp the intricacies of this new rule to ensure compliance and, importantly, to foster a safer and more informed work environment.

Background of OSHA's Reporting Rules

The evolution of OSHA's injury and illness reporting requirements reflects a dynamic response to changing workplace needs and technological advancements. Initially, OSHA's rules mandated employers to document and report workplace injuries and illnesses. This was crucial for identifying hazardous trends and formulating preventive strategies. These requirements were foundational in OSHA’s mission to ensure safe and healthy working conditions.

The introduction of electronic reporting marked a significant change, aiming to make the process more efficient and data more accurate. However, the initial requirement was applicable only to establishments with 250 or more employees, thus limiting comprehensive data collection to larger employers.

Recognizing the need for broader data from high-hazard industries, OSHA has gradually lowered this threshold, expanding the scope of required reporting. This progression underscores OSHA's commitment to adapt its regulations in response to evolving workplace environments. By lowering the reporting threshold, OSHA has increased data collection from a wider range of employers, enhancing its ability to analyze and respond to workplace safety issues.

This background underscores the significance of OSHA's latest rule change. The new requirement is not just an update; it's a strategic move to capture a more detailed picture of workplace safety across a broader spectrum of industries.

Details of the New Rule

The recent rule introduced by OSHA, effective January 1, 2024, represents a significant update in reporting requirements for high-hazard industry employers. Notably, the threshold for mandatory reporting has been reduced from establishments with 250 employees to those with 100 or more. This change broadens the scope of compliance, bringing more workplaces under the ambit of stringent safety reporting.

Under this rule, affected establishments are required to electronically submit detailed injury and illness data. This includes information from OSHA Form 300 (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses) and Form 301 (Injury and Illness Incident Report), along with the previously required Form 300A (Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses).

A key feature of this updated rule is the obligation for establishments to incorporate their legal company name in their submissions, thereby enhancing data traceability and accuracy. OSHA intends to publish a portion of this data on its website. The objective is to foster transparency and enable stakeholders, including employees, researchers, and the public, to make informed decisions based on a company's safety record.

Employers in states with OSHA-approved plans are also expected to adhere to similar mandates. These state plans can utilize OSHA’s website for data submission, promoting consistency in data collection and analysis across states.

This expanded rule is poised to significantly impact workplace safety. By lowering the employee threshold for reporting and increasing transparency, OSHA seeks to cultivate a more proactive safety culture among employers, ultimately aiming to reduce workplace injuries and illnesses.

Implications for Employers

The implementation of OSHA’s expanded reporting rule has significant implications for employers, particularly those in high-hazard industries. Employers now face the challenge of adapting their reporting processes to comply with the new requirements. The reduction in the employee threshold for reporting means that a larger number of employers must now undertake the task of electronically submitting detailed injury and illness records.

This change necessitates a robust system for accurate record-keeping and data management. Employers must ensure that they are capturing all necessary details in their injury and illness logs and are prepared to submit this information electronically. This may require updates to existing systems or the implementation of new ones, as well as training for staff responsible for these tasks.

Moreover, with some of the data becoming publicly accessible, employers need to be cognizant of the potential impact on their public image and employee relations. Transparency in safety records could influence stakeholder perceptions, including current and potential employees, customers, and business partners.

Employers must also remain vigilant about the protection of sensitive information. While enhancing transparency, it is essential to safeguard personal employee data from public disclosure. Navigating these new requirements will require a balanced approach, emphasizing both compliance and confidentiality.

Data Privacy and Public Accessibility

OSHA's decision to make certain injury and illness data publicly accessible marks a significant step towards enhanced transparency. This initiative empowers stakeholders to assess a company's commitment to safety, promoting a culture of accountability. However, it also brings to the forefront concerns about data privacy, especially in relation to sensitive employee information. To mitigate these concerns, OSHA has put in place stringent measures to protect personal identifiable information. Employers are thus tasked with the dual responsibility of maintaining transparency while safeguarding employee privacy, a balance that is essential not only for legal compliance but also for upholding trust within the workforce and the broader community.

The enactment of OSHA's expanded injury and illness reporting rule is a landmark in the evolution of workplace safety regulations. By lowering the threshold for reporting and enhancing the transparency of safety records, this rule underscores the agency's commitment to reducing workplace hazards and promoting a culture of safety. It challenges employers to elevate their safety practices and encourages a proactive approach to injury and illness prevention. As we adapt to these changes, the ultimate goal remains clear: to create safer work environments where every employee's well-being is prioritized, ultimately leading to healthier, more productive workplaces nationwide.

CORe Alert re Remote Workers and Announcement re Spring Meeting

Greetings, and Happy New Year! The convergence family hopes 2024 will be a great one for you and yours.

We’re thrilled to announce that the convergence Spring 2024 CORe meeting is taking place, and will focus on current multinational company challenges of meeting legal requirements related to the health and safety (H&S) of remote workers in home offices or spaces outside of the traditional “workplace” – these requirements have multiplied since the start of the COVID pandemic.

• The Spring meeting is open to all interested companies and at no charge for all Premier CORe member companies.  Please let us know if you are interested in learning more about the Spring meeting. info@cc-global.com

• Read more below on the challenge of remote worker requirements, and a list of many countries where new legislation has already taken effect.

GENERAL TRENDS: Remote worker legal requirements typically involve the employer entering into a contract with the remote worker; and the employer providing, at its expense, proper and safe working equipment, such as a desk chair, computer, lighting, first aid, etc. However, a number of countries – for example Poland, Spain, Argentina, Mexico, Canada, Thailand, and others – are taking it a step further. They mandate the H&S protections for the traditional in-office workers and their workplaces are now required for the remote worker and their workspace, for instance risk assessment, ergonomic assessment, periodic H&S inspections, etc.

AN EXAMPLE – MEXICO: Below we have summarized the employer’s H&S obligations in Mexico’s new remote worker law (NOM).

Mexico’s new teleworker (remote worker) mandatory standard took effect December 7, 2023; NOM-037-STPS-2023, Telework – Occupational health and safety conditions. The full text, with the English translation*, of the NOM is enclosed for your review. Of particular interest is the “Employer Obligations” section 5.1 through 5.14 (see pages 8 – 14 of the enclosed document). Employer obligations include, but are not limited to:

• Maintaining a confidential list of all remote work employees,

• Establishing a telework policy that complies with union/collective bargaining as well as gender requirements (e.g., breastfeeding),

• Informing employees of H&S risks they might face,

• Maintaining a checklist of teleworking H&S conditions,

• Ensuring that remote workplaces comply with all H&S requirements that apply to traditional workplaces,

• Providing ergonomic equipment and maintaining communication equipment,

• Providing the remote employee training at least once a year on H&S conditions,

• Providing medical examinations as required under NOM-030, and

• Investigating remote workplace accidents and following procedures for reporting them.

The potential consequences to a company for not complying with this new NOM is a fine of US$ 1,536 to US$ 30,726.

*English translation provided by Mexicanlaws.

COUNTRIES WITH NEW REMOTE WORKER REGULATIONS: Other countries that, since 2021, promulgated regulations on the employer’s H&S obligations to their remote workforce:

Australia

India

Romania

Brazil

Italy

Russia

Chile

Luxembourg

Slovakia

Colombia

Norway

Sweden

Czech Republic

Peru

Taiwan

Denmark

Philippines

Turkey

Greece

Portugal

QUESTIONS? We are always here to help - with H&S compliance professionals available in over 50 countries, and with regulatory resources such as country Legal Registers or Compliance Checklists. Please contact us or if you have questions or wish more information about our Spring meeting.  

Visit our website to learn more about our suite of country EHS legal compliance resources developed exclusively for the office, retail store and service sectors.

Rethinking Aviation Safety: Lessons from the Boeing 737 Max 9 Door Incident

The aviation world encountered a significant challenge on January 5, 2024, with an alarming incident involving an Alaska Airlines Boeing 737 Max 9. Shortly after takeoff, a cabin door panel on the aircraft unexpectedly detached mid-flight, resulting in a gaping hole in the fuselage and necessitating an emergency landing at Portland International Airport. This occurrence not only sparked immediate safety concerns but also raised serious questions about the broader aspects of Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) in the aviation sector. Dissecting the incident in detail to understand its implications on EHS and examining Boeing's response are crucial for mitigating such events in the future.

Details of the Incident

On a seemingly routine flight, Alaska Airlines Flight 1282, operating a Boeing 737 Max 9, faced an unprecedented crisis that stunned the aviation industry and passengers alike. Approximately 10 minutes after departing from Portland International Airport, passengers and crew were thrown into a state of panic as a cabin door panel abruptly separated from the aircraft at an altitude of 16,000 feet. This detachment caused a significant hole in the fuselage, leading to the cabin's rapid depressurization.

The pilots, faced with this critical situation, demonstrated commendable skill and presence of mind by initiating an emergency landing back at Portland International Airport. The incident, fortunately, did not result in any severe injuries, although it left passengers profoundly shaken. Images circulating on social media revealed emergency oxygen masks deployed and passengers huddled in their seats, encapsulating the distressing moments aboard the flight.

While initial investigations have not conclusively determined the cause, the severity of the incident was immediately evident. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) swiftly launched an inquiry to unravel the mystery behind the panel's detachment. Additionally, Alaska Airlines and United Airlines, the primary operators of the Boeing 737 Max 9 in the United States, began inspections of their fleets in response to this incident.

Investigations and Immediate Responses

The alarming incident with the Alaska Airlines Boeing 737 Max 9 swiftly drew the attention of aviation authorities, leading to immediate and thorough investigations. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) spearheaded these inquiries, delving into the possible causes of the cabin door panel detachment. Given the Boeing 737 Max's troubled past, these investigations were not just routine but also carried a significant weight of public expectation and scrutiny.

Boeing, the aircraft manufacturer, was quick to respond to the crisis. Understanding the severity of the situation and its potential impact on the brand's reputation and customer trust, Boeing pledged to undertake a comprehensive examination of its quality control processes. Stan Deal, CEO of Boeing’s commercial airplanes division, expressed the company's commitment to safety in an email to employees and announced additional inspections for the 737 Max planes, emphasizing the need for an external review of Boeing's quality management system.

The immediate aftermath of the incident also saw decisive action from airlines. The FAA issued a directive for the grounding of all Boeing 737 Max 9 jetliners equipped with the specific door plugs in question. This directive affected 171 aircraft globally, causing significant operational disruptions for airlines like Alaska and United, which were forced to cancel numerous flights. United Airlines, in particular, reported finding instances of loose parts on the door plugs of other Boeing 737 Max 9 jets, further underscoring the urgency of the situation.

These developments showcased the collaborative effort between aviation authorities, the manufacturer, and airlines to prioritize passenger safety. The quick response and proactive steps were crucial in mitigating immediate risks and restoring public confidence in air travel. However, the incident also highlighted the ongoing challenges facing Boeing, particularly in regaining trust after the previous safety issues with the 737 Max series.

EHS Implications

The Boeing 737 Max 9 door incident is a stark reminder of the intricate connection between Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) practices and aviation safety. EHS, a discipline focused on maintaining and improving the safety, health, and welfare of people engaged in work or employment, plays a crucial role in the aviation industry. This incident brings to the forefront several EHS concerns that are critical for the airline industry.

Firstly, the health and safety aspect of EHS is directly impacted in such incidents. Passenger and crew safety is paramount, and any compromise due to equipment failure or procedural lapses can have dire consequences. The mental and physical wellbeing of those aboard the flight, who endured a traumatic experience, underscores the importance of rigorous safety standards and procedures. This incident potentially points to a need for more robust safety inspections and maintenance routines, to prevent similar occurrences in the future.

Secondly, the environmental aspect of EHS is also noteworthy. Aircraft design and maintenance not only have implications for passenger safety but also for the environment. Inefficient or unsafe aircraft can lead to increased emissions or, in worst-case scenarios, environmental disasters in the event of a crash. Therefore, ensuring that aircraft are safe and well-maintained is also a step towards environmental stewardship.

This incident also highlights the importance of EHS in organizational culture and decision-making. A company’s culture around safety and its commitment to EHS principles can significantly influence its operational practices and, consequently, its overall safety record. Boeing’s response to this incident, including the review of its quality control processes, is a positive step towards reinforcing a safety-centric culture. However, the recurrence of safety issues with the 737 Max series raises questions about the effectiveness of these measures and the need for a more holistic approach to EHS.

Boeing's Safety Record and Industry Impact

The recent door incident involving the Boeing 737 Max 9 has once again brought Boeing's safety record into the spotlight, raising concerns over its impact on the aviation industry. Boeing, a leading aircraft manufacturer, has faced several challenges regarding the safety of its 737 Max series, which have had significant repercussions.

Historically, the 737 Max series, particularly the Max 8 model, has been at the center of scrutiny following two fatal crashes in 2018 and 2019. These tragedies led to the worldwide grounding of the 737 Max fleet and exposed issues related to Boeing's design and safety assessment processes. Investigations into these crashes highlighted a concerning trend in Boeing's approach to safety, revealing pressures to expedite production and certification processes, which may have compromised safety standards.

The 737 Max 9 door incident is another blow to Boeing's reputation, coming at a time when the company was starting to regain its footing in the industry. The grounding of the Max 9 planes, although

a precautionary measure, has caused disruptions for airlines and shaken the confidence of passengers. It also poses a significant financial impact on Boeing, as it navigates through the costs associated with investigations, potential design revisions, and the reputational damage.

For the aviation industry, incidents like these have broader implications. They lead to heightened regulatory scrutiny, changes in safety protocols, and potential shifts in airline purchasing decisions. The confidence of passengers in air travel, particularly in aircraft models with a history of safety issues, can be significantly affected. This scenario necessitates a renewed focus on safety and reliability, not just from Boeing but across the entire aviation sector.

Looking Forward

The incident involving the Boeing 737 Max 9 door highlights pivotal challenges within the aviation industry, particularly in safety and reliability. It underscores the critical importance of unwavering adherence to Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) standards and illuminates the path for continuous improvement in aviation safety measures.

As the industry moves forward, it is vital to absorb the lessons from such incidents. Achieving the highest safety levels in air travel demands a multi-faceted approach that includes meticulous design and manufacturing processes, thorough maintenance and inspection routines, and a culture that consistently prioritizes safety.

Boeing's initiative to review and enhance its quality control systems is a positive step, highlighting the need for ongoing vigilance in the industry. For regulators and aviation authorities, events like these reinforce the necessity of robust oversight and stringent regulatory frameworks to ensure adherence to the highest safety standards and to prevent similar incidents.

This event, therefore, represents an opportunity for the aviation industry to recommit to safety. It is a moment to reassess and bolster EHS practices, refine safety protocols, and cultivate a culture where safe air travel is a fundamental value. Embracing these challenges and striving for continuous improvement will fortify the aviation industry's position as one of the safest modes of transportation globally.